India, on the other hand, will likely see emissions rise by 4.4%—a bump from the 3.5% annual growth in fossil fuel emissions it has averaged over the last decade. 

The European Union and Japan are also expected to see slight decreases in fossil fuel emissions, while emissions for the rest of the world are also expected to decrease by 0.7%—largely due to decline in oil use.  

Global emissions from land-use change, another sector tracked in the report, have decreased over the past decade, but this year they’re expected to rise to 5.1 billion metric tons. That’s due to an increase in peat fires, slow burning fires that move beneath the ground, consume wetland soil and often lack visible flames, many of which have been ignited by human activities, and El Niño, which is increasing wildfire risk in places like Southeast Asia and South America. These fires release large amounts of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.